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Abū Ḥamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (c. 1110 – c. 1221; (ペルシア語:ابو حامد بن ابوبکر ابراهیم)), better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn () and ʿAṭṭār (, "the perfumer"), was a Persian〔Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, online edition - accessed December 2012. ()〕〔〔Ritter, H. (1986), “Attar”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., vol. 1: 751-755. Excerpt: "ATTAR, FARID AL-DIN MUHAMMAD B. IBRAHIM.Persian mystical poet."〕 Muslim poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry and Sufism. ==Biography== Information about Attar's life is rare and scarce. He is mentioned by only two of his contemporaries, `Awfi and Tusi. However, all sources confirm that he was from Nishapur, a major city of medieval Khorasan (now located in the northeast of Iran), and according to `Awfi, he was a poet of the Seljuq period. According to Reinert: ''It seems that he was not well known as a poet in his own lifetime, except at his home town,'' and ''his greatness as a mystic, a poet, and a master of narrative was not discovered until the 15th century.''〔B. Reinert, ("`Attar" ), in ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', Online Edition〕 At the same time, the mystic Persian poet Rumi has mentioned: "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes twain, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"〔"A. J. Arberry, "Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam",Courier Dover Publications, Nov 9, 2001. p. 141〕 and mentions in another poem: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are still at the turn of one street".〔Seyyed Hossein Nasr, "The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition" HarperCollins, Sep 2, 2008. page 130: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are still at the turn of one street!"〕 `Attar was probably the son of a prosperous chemist, receiving an excellent education in various fields. While his works say little else about his life, they tell us that he practiced the profession of pharmacy and personally attended to a very large number of customers.〔 The people he helped in the pharmacy used to confide their troubles in `Attar and this affected him deeply. Eventually, he abandoned his pharmacy store and traveled widely - to Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, Mecca, Medina, Damascus, Khwarizm, Turkistan, and India, meeting with Sufi Shaykhs - and returned promoting Sufi ideas.〔Iraj Bashiri, "(Farid al-Din `Attar )"〕 `Attar's initiation into Sufi practices is subject to much speculation. Of all the famous Sufi Shaykhs supposed to have been his teachers, only one - Majd ud-Din Baghdadi a disciple of Najmuddin Kubra- comes within the bounds of possibility. The only certainty in this regard is `Attar's own statement that he once met him.〔''Taḏkerat al-Awliyā''; pp. 1,6,21〕 In any case it can be taken for granted that from childhood onward `Attar, encouraged by his father, was interested in the Sufis and their sayings and way of life, and regarded their saints as his spiritual guides.〔''Taḏkerat al-Awliyā''; pp. 1,55,23 ff〕 At the age of 110, Attar died a violent death in the massacre which the Mongols inflicted on Nishapur in April 1221.〔 Today, his mausoleum is located in Nishapur. It was built by Ali-Shir Nava'i in the 16th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attar of Nishapur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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